FIN2001S
ECONOMICS AND MARKET INNOVATIONS
Closed Book Mock Test
Question 1
a) With graphical illustrations, use demand and supply models to determine the impact that the following events have on the market for onions.
i) The price of fertiliser used in planting onions has increased substantially in the last three months. In the meantime, many consumers expect the price of onions to increase sharply next week. (5 marks)
ii) Suppliers expect the price of onions to fall sharply next month. In the meantime, the price of garlic (a substitute of onions for consumers) has increased substantially. (5 marks)
b) A cafe sells 500 cups of coffee every day at a price of $2.00 per cup. The shop then decides to increase the price to $3.00 per cup. After the price increase, they sell only 400 cups per day.
i. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for gourmet coffee. (6 marks)
ii. Is coffee elastic, inelastic or unit elastic in demand. (4 marks)
c) Explain the purpose of studying the cross elasticity of demand between two products. Please explain in details. (5 marks)
Question 2
a) Define the Law of diminishing returns. (5 marks)
b) The table below shows the production data Mekong Pte Ltd (Mekong) on the number of workers and the average output of shoes produced per worker in a day. In the short run, Mekong can vary its output only by varying the number of workers it hires. Each worker at the Firm is paid a fixed wage every day.
Number of Workers
|
Total
Product
(Units/ day)
|
Marginal
Product (Units)
|
Total Fixed
Cost
($ / day)
|
Total
Variable
Cost
($ / day)
|
Total
Cost
($ / day)
|
Marginal
Cost ($)
|
1
|
25
|
|
500
|
|
550
|
|
2
|
70
|
45
|
|
100
|
600
|
1.11
|
3
|
150
|
80
|
500
|
150
|
|
0.63
|
4
|
|
40
|
500
|
200
|
700
|
1.25
|
5
|
220
|
|
500
|
|
750
|
1.67
|
6
|
|
20
|
500
|
300
|
800
|
|
i. Complete the above table by filling in all the blanks. (10 marks)
ii. At which range of workers does Mekong experience increasing marginal returns? Explain your answer (5 marks)
iii. Calculate the average cost of producing a shoe when the firm hires 5 workers. (5 marks)
Question 3
a) Identify and explain THREE (3) differences between a monopolistic and an oligopoly market structure. (6 marks)
b) Tiger prawn farming is a perfectly competitive industry and all Tiger prawn farms have the same cost curves. The minimum average variable cost is $8 per kg of Tiger prawns. When the market price of Tiger prawns is at $15 per kg, farms maximise profit by producing 800 kgs of Tiger prawns a week.
i) Sketch the Marginal Revenue (MR), Marginal Cost (MC), Average Variable Cost (AVC) and Average Total Cost (ATC) curves for a farm. Please indicate clearly the output level when profit is maximised and the output “Qm” on the same graph at the shutdown point. (8 marks)
ii) If the price of Tiger prawns falls to $13 per kg, will the farms produce more or fewer than 800 kg of Tiger prawns a week? Briefly explain why. (2 marks)
iii) If the price of Tiger prawns falls to $8 per kg, what should farmers do? (2 marks)
c) In the diagram below, identify the following graphs:
i) The MR line which shows that the firm is breaking even. (2 marks)
ii) The MR line which shows that the firm is at the shutdown point. (2 marks)
iii) The MR line which shows that the firm is making a loss but should continue its production. (2 marks)
Question 4
a) What is the “Chicken and egg” problem? Why do platform. business encounter
such a problem? Please explain with a real-world platform example. (13 marks)
b) Identify and explain with examples THREE (3) strategies of a platform business to build critical mass on different sides of the platform. (12 marks)
Question 5
a) Identify and explain FOUR (4) differences between the platform business and the traditional business. (16 marks)
b) Explain THREE (3) elements of the Trust Enhancement Framework which a platform business can consider adopting in order to strengthen trusts amongst the customers on different sides of the platform. (9 marks)