代写GEOLOGY 1104 Geology for Engineers I调试R语言程序

2025-01-25 代写GEOLOGY 1104 Geology for Engineers I调试R语言程序

GEOLOGY 1104 Geology for Engineers I

Part A: 6 shorter answer questions (5 marks each)

1. On the blank plot below, draw P wave and S wave velocity vs depth for Earth, in which the outer core is solid rather than liquid. Assume the composition of the outer core and inner core are the same.



2. The graph to the right illustrates how the temperature changed with time for part of the rock cycle. In just one or two sentences maximum, explain the events illustrated by this temperature time plot.

3. Briefly explain how the internal structure of the silicate minerals biotite and quartz determines the presence or absence of cleavage in those minerals.

4. Venn Diagram: Convergent Plate Boundaries.  Use the Venn diagram, below, to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the three styles of convergent plate boundaries. Write features unique to each group in the larger areas of the circles; note features that the different boundaries share in the overlapping areas of the circles. Place the numbers corresponding to the list of characteristics below in the most suitable locations on the diagram.

1.   Present on Earth

2.   Formed from magma

3.    Form. exclusively at or near the surface

4.   May form. from the mantle

5.   Example: Gneiss

6.   Classification of this/these rock type(s) considers texture

7.   Form. beds and bedding

8.   Can be deposited in running water

9.   Example: granite

10. May undergo weathering at Earth’s surface to form. sediment

11. Form. as a result of crystallization

12. Solidify under conditions of decreasing heat

13. Classification of this/these rock type(s) considers composition

14. Maybe intrusive

15. Can display a fabric, or foliation

5. Column 1 provides you with the names of four different geologic features. In columns 2 and 3, circle all the answers that apply to that feature.

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Name of Feature

Type of Plate Boundary or

Other Feature (circle just

one best answer)

Likely Cause(s) of Melting (circle all that may apply)

rift valley

(a) continental rift

(b) ocean-continent convergent

(c) continental collision

(d) hotspot in a continent

(a) decompression melting as the mantle rises (b) melting by adding water along a subduction zone

(c) melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magma

Mid-ocean ridge

(a) oceanic divergent

(b) ocean-ocean convergent

(c) ocean-continent convergent

(d) hotspot in an ocean

(a) decompression melting as the mantle rises (b) melting by adding water along a subduction zone

(c) melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magma

Continental

magmatic arc

(a) continental rift

(b) ocean-continent convergent

(c) continental collision

(d) hotspot in a continent

(a) decompression melting as the mantle rises (b) melting by adding water along a subduction zone

(c) melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magma

Island arc

(a) oceanic divergent

(b) ocean-ocean convergent

(c) ocean-continent convergent

(d) hotspot in an ocean

(a) decompression melting as the mantle rises (b) melting by adding water along a subduction zone

(c) melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magma

6. What happens during lithification, and how does lithification differ from metamorphism?

Part B. Answer TWO of the following THREE longer answer questions in the pages provided. Where possible, drawings are encouraged. 10 marks each.

1. The crust/mantle boundary is very different from the lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary. Answer the following three parts for each of these two boundaries. Plan on about 1-1.5 pages for your final   answer. Dot point answers are fine. Sketches encouraged.

A) Does the composition or rock type vary across each of the two boundaries? Explain your answer.

B) Do physical properties vary across each of the two boundaries? Explain your answer.

C) Do either of the two boundaries have anything to do with plate movement? If yes, what?

2. Question about the generation of magma in the mantle. Fill in the short answers in column two for   each question.  Numbers are provided to indicate how many answers for each question part a through e. All answers are togo in the boxes provided. Note that this question continues on the next page.

Column 1: questions

Column 2: answers

a. Three reasons why mantle rock ever

(partially) melts?

(just a few sentences for each)

1.

2.


3.

Column 1: questions

Column 2: answers

b. What type of rock melts in the mantle (felsic, mafic or

ultramafic)

c. What type of magma is formed from that event?

d. What igneous rocks

(by specific name) are

formed when that magma cools?

1.

2.


e. What are three typical minerals in these types of rocks from part d?

1.

2.

3.

Question 3. All answers for this question are done on this page or on the map, following page.

Winter is coming.  Stannis Baratheon recognises that a shortage of obsidian puts Westeros at great risk from the Others. In the quest for further resources, he has sent his men to gather earthquake data and  bathymetric surveys of the oceans, and also plotted a number of volcanic islands in their search for obsidian (dragonstone).

The map next page is the result of their efforts. The grey labelled areas are continental masses. The white is ocean. The solid black lines are plate boundaries of some type. The small land bits in the southwest corner of the map, on the Dorne Plate, are volcanic islands with ages labelled.

Your tasks areas follows:

a) On the map, some plate boundaries (the solid lines) have been labelled A-D. In the spaces below,   name each plate boundary type.  Be specific about the types of plates involved. For example, don’t just write ‘subduction zone’; but ‘ocean plate-ocean plate subduction zone.

A

B

C

D

b) Of the four boundaries labelled A, B, Cand D, at which boundary(ies)would you expect to find volcanic activity?

c) If you thought any of the labelled boundaries A, B, C or D was a subduction zone boundary, indicate on the map on which side you would expect to find volcanoes. Mark the letter Von that side.

d) Based on the age of the volcanic islands in the southwestern corner, draw anarrow on the map that indicates the direction of movement of the Dorne Plate.