ISYS1055/3412 (Practical) Database Concepts
Assessment 4: Database Design Project
Overview
This is a practical and real-world project that puts the knowledge you gained into practice. You are required to investigate and understand a publicly available dataset, design a conceptual model for storing the dataset in a relational database, apply normalisation techniques to improve the model, build the database according to your design and import the data into your database, and develop SQL queries in response to a set of requirements.
The objective of this assignment is to reinforce what you have learned in the whole course. Specifically, it involves how to build a simple application that connects to a database backend, running a simple relational schema.
Part A: Understanding the Data (0 Marks, Preliminary Work) Part B: Designing the Database (10%)
• Task B.1 Produce an ER diagram for a relational database that will be able to store the given dataset.
Part C: Creating the Database and Importing Data (10%)
• Task C.1 Produce one SQL script. file
• Task C.2 Create a database file and import the given dataset into your database. Part D: Data Retrieval and Visualisation(15%)
• Task D.1-D.5 Produce one SQL query file that includes five SQL queries, produce a PDF file that includes the running result screenshot of five queries.
• Task D.1-D.5 Represent each query result as graph. Include graph in the PDF file for query result.
• Note that Task D.5 varies between ISYS1055 and ISYS3412. Only complete the version for your specific course.
Assessment criteria
This assessment will measure your ability to:
• Analyse the requirements outlined in the problem description
• Develop a conceptual model for the design of a database backend required for the system
• Use an industry-standard ER modelling tool to draw the ER model
• Use 7-step mapping process to create relational database schema
• Use normalisation process to evaluate the schema and make sure that all the relations are at least 3NF
• Create tables on SQLite Studio and populate them with data available from the specified sources.
• Write SQL statements required for CRUD (create, read, update and delete) operations on the database you built
• Develop your knowledge further to represent data in a meaningful way using data visualisation.
Course learning outcomes
This assessment is relevant to the following course learning outcomes:
CLO1
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Describe the underlying theoretical basis of the relational database model and apply the theories into practice;
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CLO2
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Explain the main concepts for data modelling and characteristics of database systems.
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CLO3
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Develop a sound database design using conceptual modeling mechanisms such as entity- relationship diagrams.
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CLO4
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Develop a database based on a sound database design;
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CLO5
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Apply SQL as a programming language to define database schemas, update database contents, and to extract data from databases for specific users’ information needs.
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CLO6
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Create then populate a normalised database based on a publicly available dataset, and visualise the results of queries against the dataset.
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Assessment details
Part A: Understanding the Data
In this assignment, we are working with the publicly available dataset: A Global Database of COVID-19 Vaccinations. Further details about this dataset are available in the article available through the following URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01122-8. The abstract of the article is as follows.
An effective rollout of vaccinations against COVID-19 offers the most promising prospect of bringing the pandemic to an end. We present the Our World in Data COVID-19 vaccination dataset, a global public dataset that tracks the scale and rate of the vaccine rollout across the world. This dataset is updated regularly and includes data on the total number of vaccinations administered, first and second doses administered, daily vaccination rates and population-adjusted coverage for all countries for which data are available (169 countries as of 7 April 2021). It will be maintained as the global vaccination campaign continues to progress. This resource aids policymakers and researchers in understanding the rate of current and potential vaccine rollout; the interactions with non-vaccination policy responses; the potential impact of vaccinations on pandemic outcomes such as transmission, morbidity and mortality; and global inequalities in vaccine access.
A live version of the vaccination dataset and documentation are available in a public GitHub repository at https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/tree/master/public/data/vaccinations. These data can be downloaded in CSV and JSON formats.
Part B: Designing the Database (10%)
Task B.1 Produce an ER diagram for a relational database that will be able to store the given dataset.
It is important to note that the given CSV files are not necessarily representing a good design for a relational database. It is your task to design a database that will adhere to good design principles that were taught throughout the course. This means your database schema will not match the structure of the CSV files and, therefore, you will require to manipulate the structure of the dataset (and not the data itself) to import it into your database. Importing the data is required to complete Task C.2.
The ER diagram must be produced byLucidchartsimilar to the exercises that were completed in in the course. UML notation is expected and using other notations will not be acceptable. Including a high-quality image representing your model is important, which can be achieved using Export function of Lucidchart.
You are also required to transform. the ER diagram into a database schema that will be used in the next part of the assignment.
Creating a good database design typically involves some database normalisation activities. You should document your normalisation activities and support them with good reasoning. This typically involves explaining what the initial design was, what the problem was, and what changes have been made to rectify the issue.
The expected outcome of completing this task is one PDF file named Model.pdf containing the following sections.
1. Database ER diagram and, if needed,a reasonable set of assumptions.
2. Explanation of normalisation challenges and the resulting changes.
3. Database schema.
Part C: Creating the Database and Importing Data (10%)
Task C.1 Produce one SQL script. file named Database.sql. This script file requires all the SQL statements necessary to create all the database relations and their corresponding integrity constraints as per your proposed design in Part B. The script. file must run without any errors in SQLite Studio and contain necessary commenting to separate various relations. Note that this script is not supposed to store any data into the relations.
The expected outcome of completing this task is one script. file with the specific name of Database.sql. Task C.2 Create a database file named Vaccinations.dband import the given dataset into your database.
To complete this task, you may need to change the format of the CSV files to match the attributes of your designed database. You can use a spreadsheet editor such as Microsoft Excel.
The next step is to import the spreadsheets into the database you create in SQLite Studio. To complete this task, use the menu option Tools - Import in SQLite.
The expected outcome of completing this task is one database file named Vaccinations.db, which must contain all the data that is stored in the CSV files named in Table 1.
Part D: Data Retrieval and Visualisation (15%)
Now that you have created and populated a database, it is time to create some queries to investigate the data in various ways. In addition to writing the required queries, you are also asked to produce data visualisation for the results of your queries.
The tasks in this section represent the queries that must be supported. Each query must consist of one SQL statement. It would be acceptable to use several nested queries, combine several SELECT statements with various operators etc. However, it would not be acceptable to have multiple and separated queries for each task (or to use views).
After you have written each query, you are expected to produce a data visualisation for each result set. You have the freedom to choose the tool for creating your visuals (e.g., Excel, Google Charts, Tableau) as well as the visualisation techniques (e.g., charts, plots, diagrams, maps). Completing this portion of the work will require that you understand the nature of the results of each query, undertake research to choose a visualisation tool you are comfortable with, decide about the best technique to visually represent each result set, and produce the visualisation. Answers to tasks in Part D that are not supported by a visualisation can achieve up to 80% of the grade associated with each task.
The expected outcome of completing this task is as follows.
1. One SQL script file named Queries.sql containing all the queries developed for the tasks in this section. It is important that you add comment lines to separate the queries and indicate which task they belong to. Note that valid SQL comments must not generate errors in SQLite Studio. The marker of your work will use this file to execute and test your queries.
1. A PDF file named Queries.pdf containing the following elements for each task. a. The SQL query.
b. A snapshot of the first 10 results of your query. The snapshot must also show the total number of results retrieved by the query. A sample snapshot is provided below for your reference.
Figure 1: Sample results snapshot with total rows
c. Data visualisation. This must be represented as a graph or chart that presents the results in a meaningful and easy to understand manner. Consider how to order or group the data to make it more meaningful visually.
List of Tasks
Task D.1 For any two given months (i.e., you can assume any two months, e.g., April 2022 and May 2022), list the months, the total number of vaccines administered in each observation months in each of all countries, and the difference between the administered vaccines. Each row in the result set must have the following structure. (Note: OM2 is after OM1. (3 marks)
Observation
Months 1 (OM1)
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Country
Name (CN)
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Administered
Vaccine on OM1 (VOM1)
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Observation Months 2 (OM2)
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Administered
Vaccine on OM2 (VOM2)
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Difference of totals (VOM1- VOM2)
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Figure 2: Column Headers in the Result Set for Task D.1
Task D.2 Find the countries with more than the average cumulative numbers of COVID-19 doses administered by each country in each month (Note: the result may include multiple countries or a single country) . Produces a result set containing the name of each country and the cumulative number of doses administered in that country. Each row in the result set must have the following structure. (3 marks)
Country Name
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Month
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Cumulative Doses
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Figure 3: Column Headers in the Result Set for Task D.2
Task D.3 Produce a list of vaccine types with the countries taking each vaccine type. For a vaccine type that has been taken in multiple countries, the result set is required to show several tuples reporting each country in a separate tuple. Each row in the result set must have the following structure. (3 marks)
Figure 4: Column Headers in the Result Set for Task D.3
Task D.4 There are different data sources used to produce the dataset. Produce a report showing the total number of vaccines administered in each country according to each data source (i.e., each unique URL). Order the result set by the total number of administered vaccines. Each row in the result set must have the following structure. (3 marks)
Country Name
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Source Name (URL)
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Total Administered Vaccines
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Figure 5: Column Headers in the Result Set for Task D.4
Task D.5 How do various countries compare in the speed of their vaccine administration? Produce a report that lists all the observation months in 2022 and 2023, and then for each months, list the total number of people fully vaccinated in each one of the 4 countries used in this assignment.
(3 marks. this question is for ISYS1055 only; not required for ISYS3412)
Date Range (Months)
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United States
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Wales
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Canada
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Denmark
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Figure 6: Column Headers in the Result Set for Task D.5
Task D.5 How does Canada track in terms of the speed of their vaccine administration? Produce a report that lists all the observation days in 2022 and 2023, and then for each month, list the total number of people fully vaccinated in Canada.
(3 marks. this question is for ISYS3412 only; not required for ISYS1055)
Date Range (Days)
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Fully Vaccinated people in Canada
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Figure 7: Column Headers in the Result Set for Task D.5