SESS0020-Topics in Microeconomics
MAIN EXAM PERIOD 2023/24
Section A
You need to answer any FOUR questions in this section.Each question carries an equal weight.
State explicitly whether the following statements are True or False.Please briefly justify your answer and use graphs when necessary.Each question carries 10 marks.If more than 4 questions are addressed,only the first 4 will be Considered.
1.[10 marks]If bundle a is on the same indifference curve of both bundles band c,while bundle bisonly on the same indifference curve of bundle a,the completeness property is satisfied for the consumer.
2.[10 marks]If a and b are two bundles of good,the following writing is correct:a>b.
3.[10 marks]lf a consumer's optimal bundle lies inside the opportunity set,we can state that budget coincides with disposable income.
4.[10 marks]Consider the following bundle (a,k),with a,k∈N (i.e.,α,k are integer values).If a and k are perfect complements,the two utilities U(a,1)and )are the same.
5.[10 marks]Suppose that two goods,X and Z,are perfect complements (like tea and sugar).Any change in their relative prices modify the consumer's optimal bundle.(A graphical illustration of the main argument would be enough)
6.[10 marks]A counter-clockwise rotation of the indifference curve around bundle a defines Elena's indifference map.The completeness property is hence satisfied.
7.[10 marks]Suppose Anna calculates the expected gain from hosting an event,which depends on whether it rains on that day.However,since the event is in a remote location,there are no accessible official rain statistics.In this case,it is advisable that Anna adopts a frequentist approach to estimate the likelihood of rain.
8.[10 marks]Assume the government decides to subsidize consumption by transferring money on an equal basis to every consumer.This money can therefore be spent for consumption purposes only.Consumers'budget lines would then rotate inward.
Section B
Miriam's preferences between consuming today,C₁(horizontal axis),and consuming tomorrow,c₂(vertical axis),can be expressed by the utility function U(c₁,C₂)=K C₁C₂.If m₁is her income at time 1,m₂her income at time 2,and if the interest rate is r and inflation is zero,then:
1.What is the expression for Miriam's inter-temporal budget line?[5 points] 2.What is the optimal quantities of consumption at time 1 and 2 for Miriam? [10 points]
3.Does the choice of k influence Miriam's optimal bundle?[5 points] 4.What is the utility associated to the optimal bundle?[5 points]
5.Under which condition we can infer,from the optimal bundle,that Miriam is a saver?[5 points] [30 marks]
Section C
You need to answer ALL questions in this section. Question C.1
A and B are two consumers.Assume that the income of A is twice the income of B.Considering that A and B live in two different countries,we know that the price of good X for A is twice the price of good X for B,while the price of good Zis the same for both individuals.Moreover,we know that the price of Zis lower than the price of X in both countries.Draw the two budget lines on the same graph,placing the good Xon the horizontal axis and the good Z on the vertical axis.It can be assumed that A considers X and Z as perfect substitutes while B considers them as imperfect substitutes,show graphically the optimal bundles for both A and B.Let us call △X the difference between the optimal value of X for B minus the optimal value of X for A.Is △X positive,negative,or equal to zero?Explain your answer. [15 marks]
Question C.2
Consider two goods:X,represented on the horizontal axis,and Z,represented on the vertical axis.Assume that the bigger the quantity of good X is,the more we are willing to substitute Z for X.Show this relationship graphically.Within the context of consumers preferences,what are the main characteristics of this curve?Is a good that gives you addiction,like a drug,a good example of X? [15 marks]